Measurements

A pinch……………………………………1/8 t. or less

3 teaspoons………………………………1 tablespoon

4 tablespoons………………………………..1/4 cup

8 tablespoons………………………………..1/2 cup

12tablespoons…………………………..3/4 cup

16 tablespoons……………………….1 cup

2 cups…………………………………………….1 pint

4 cups……………………………………..1 quart

4 quarts………………………………….1 gallon

8 quarts………………………….1 peck

4 pecks………………………..1 bushel

16 ounces……………………………..1 pound

32 ounces………………………1 quart

1 ounce liquid…………………2 tablespoons

8 ounces liquid…………………………..1 cup

Use standard measuring spoons and cups. All measurements are level.

Substitutions

INGREDIENT QUANTITY SUBSTITUTE

Baking powder…..1 teaspoon…..1/4 tsp baking soda plus ½ tsp cream of tartar

Catsup or Chili Sauce…..1 cup…..1 c. tomato sauce plus ½ c. sugar and 2T vinegar

Chocolate……………………..1 square(1oz.)…..3 or 4 T. cocoa plus 1 T. butter

Cornstarch……...1 tablespoon……...2 T. flour or 2 tsp. Quick cooking tapioca

Cracker crumbs……….………...3/4 cup………………..1 c. bread crumbs

Dates……………………...1 lb. …………….…..1 1/2c. dates pitted and cut

Dry Mustard………………...1 teaspoon…………..1 tablespoon prepared mustard

Flour, self – rising………..1 cup…..1 c. all-purpose flour, ½ t. salt, and 1 tsp baking powder

Herbs, fresh……………………....1 Tablespoon………………..1 tsp dried herbs

Milk, sour……..1 cup…...1 T. lemon juice or vinegar plus sweet milk to make 1 cup. (let stand 5 minutes)

Whole milk…………....1 cup……………..1/2 evaporated milk plus ½ cup water

Min. marshmallows………………10……………..…..1 large marshmallow

Onion, fresh……………...1 small……………..1 T. instant minced onion, rehydrated

Sugar , brown………………...1/2 cup…….....2 T molasses in ½ c. granulated sugar

Powdered sugar…...1 cup……....1 cup granulated sugar plus 1 tsp. Cornstarch